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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )
Among the devastating consequences of AIDS has 1 its epidemic spread in the developing world. The disease has caused 2 suffering, debilitation, loss of life and disruption of family, social and economic 3. Because of the considerable expense and logistical difficulty in providing antiviral drugs to populations 4 with the human immunodeficiency virus 5 the world, the biomedical community is looking towards vaccines to help solve this compelling problem.
The search for an AIDS vaccine began more than 15 years ago with great 6 and high expectations. With the 7 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS, it seemed that a 8 would follow closely behind. But despite a large concerted effort, the problem has proven more difficult than 9, and progress has not 10 the 11 hopes. Here I review the 12 scientific obstacles confronting the development of an effective HIV vaccine, and I consider 13 strategies to overcome these obstacles.
It is instructive to consider the circumstances that have 14 to past successes in vaccine development. The smallpox vaccine is 15 the most successful inventions in the history of 16. Why, 200 years ago, without the benefit of modern biotechnology, did the smallpox vaccine succeed so readily while an AIDS vaccine 17 elusive? The answer lies in an experiment of nature that provided, to an astute observer, a clear direction for smallpox vaccine development. In this classic story of 18 discovery, Edward Jennet noticed that milk maids who had previously contracted cowpox were 19 to smallpox infection. This observation was the critical event leading to the finding that the cowpox virus crossreacted immunologically with the smallpox virus and could 20 be used to protect against smallpox.
1. A. on B. with C. been D. about
2. A. unpredicted B. uncontrollable C. unimaginable D. unprecedented
3. A. stability B. instability C. permanency D. soundness
4. A. harmed B. infected C. infectious D. infectable
5. A. everywhere B. throughout C. devastating D. occupying
6. A. difficulty B. concern C. optimism D. pessimism
7. A. confirmation B. identification C. information D. precaution
8. A. cure B. capsule C. medication D. vaccine
9. A. ever B. anticipated C. possible D. necessary
10. A. surpassed B. outbalanced C. matched D. rivaled
11. A. origin B. initial C. great D. modest
12. A. majority B. primary C. principal D. premier
13. A. potential B. initiative C. practical D. existing
14. A. lead B. caused C. contributed D. cooperated
15. A. by far B. till now C. among D. considered
16. A. vaccine B. medicine C. smallpox D. AIDS
17. A. slowly B. fails C. remains D. counts
18. A. accidental B. importance C. scientific D. vaccine
19. A. vulnerable B. resistant C. opposing D. defendant
20. A. safely B. therefore C. as well D. possibly
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Section Ⅰ Use of English
1. C.been
has been表现在完成。其他选项构成的搭配会使整句结构不通。
2. D.unprecedented
史无前例的。艾滋病造成的损失并非无法控制或无法预测，也不是无法想像，只不过从前未曾有过这么大规模的损失。
3. B.instability
疾病导致社会、经济不稳定，与前面的生命损失、巨大灾害是并列关系。
4. B.infected
被感染的；infectious不能与with搭配。
5. B.throughout
throughout the world 修饰 populations； C、D项只能修饰virus，填入后会导致句子成分不完整。
6. C.optimism
乐观精神。由后文可知，开始研究时人们普遍比较乐观。
7. B.identification
确认了HIV 是导致艾滋病的原体。寻找疫苗关键在于“确认”。
8. D.vaccine
看起来疫苗应该很容易发现。
9. B.anticipated
困难没有必要性、可能性的比较，只是比预料的要多。
10. C.matched
match sth. 与某物相符合。寻找疫苗的结果令人失望，并不是因为没有超额完成，而是没有达到最初预想。
11. B.initial
最初的，事前的。结果令人失望，因为没有满足最初希望。
12. C.principal
主要技术上的障碍，principal表示“主要的，首要的。”
13. A.potential
潜在的解决问题的方法。因为解决方案还没有找到，所以只是潜在的，而不是最初的、实际的、或现有的。
14. C.contributed
有过促进作用的。环境对科学技术上的成功只能是一种促进而没有决定性作用。
15. C.among
此题所选的词应与后文复数 inventions 一致，既然是多个发现，只能是其中之一。
16. B.medicine
vaccine 不会有什么系统的历史；AIDS与天花无关；用medicine：医学上的重要发现是这个题目的最佳选项。
17. C.remains
重要在于理解 elusive “捉摸不定的，无法把握的”，所以应选remains。依然是不可捉摸（无法把握）。
18. C.scientific
classic story 一般只对应于较为严肃的领域。
19. B.resistant
具有抵抗性的。
20. B.therefore
此空格前是充分理由因果关系，故填“therefore”所以。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
词语注释
lethal adj. 致死的，致命的prosecute v. 起诉，控诉
mantle n. 盖，罩，保护simmering adj. 沸腾的，热烈的
文章概要
本文主要讲述了世界范围内安乐死的立法状况及社会对安乐死的看法。
Para.1：安乐死在荷兰的状况。
Para.2：世界上针对安乐死的不同观点的碰撞。
Para.3：多数人支持安乐死的原因。
Para.4：安乐死倡导者的主张。
Para.5：目前安乐死尚未取得法律的支持。
答案点评
21B这是一道细节题。根据第一段表达的意思，实行安乐死在荷兰法律上是有罪的，但实际情况是，称职的执行“积极”安乐死术的医生是不会受到起诉的。故A、C、D表达的内容正确，选择B。
22C这是一道推断题。根据第二段所表达的意思，“怜悯致死术”的主张者认为应高举人道对待病人的大旗，使病人无痛苦，体面地离开世界。A、B项则从“mercy killing”的表面含义来理解，故错误。D在文中没有提及，不能确定为正确答案。
23A这是一道细节题。文中第四段说明了多数安乐死术倡导者主张，死亡权应只给那些晚期不治之症患者，故A符合其含义。B项只表达了主张安乐死的人中少数派的观点，不能代表全体。C项表达了反对安乐死的人的观点。D项则未在 patients 前加以限定，属明显错误。
24C这是一道综合推断题。在全文中，作者只是非常客观地介绍了安乐死术的情况及其支持者和反对者的观点。没有渗入个人感情，故C正确。
25A此为一道词汇猜测词。根据原句“The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate,…”判断出 boiled over 为“爆发了”之意。B项则使理解停留在词汇表面，未能深挖内涵。C、D项则偏离主题。
Text 2
词语注释
turnaround 转变
perennial 长期的
lavish 浪费的，滥用的
turf 地盘
populous 人口稠密的
deregulation 取消对……的管制
mammoth 巨大的
bureaucracy 官僚制度，官僚主义(架构)
overhead 日常开支
attrition (人员)减少
layoff 临时解雇
文章概要
本文主要介绍了美国银行以前成功和现在面临困境的原因。
Para.1：分别介绍美国银行1980年前和1980年后的情况。
Para.2：花旗银行的兴起。
Para.3：美国银行成功的原因是它有着庞大的分支机构来提供便利。
Para.4：美国银行目前面临困难的原因。
答案点评
26C据文中表述纽约花旗银行是“perennial (长期的)rival for top banking honors”可见A中“a dark horse”不对。从第二段中“Thanks to aggressive growth policies”可知B中“moderate”一词不正确。D选项文中未提及，而且根据全文意思来推断，也是不太可能的。而选项C可由第二段最后一句推出。
27C选项A、B、D都可在第三段中直接看出或推出，而根据第三段“Before deregulation, banks could not compete by offering savers a higher return”可见C有较高的存款利率是不可能的。
28B在前文中指出，美国银行目前面临困境的原因也就是它过去成功的原因，而上一段表明它成功是由于有庞大的分支机构来提供便利，因此讲面临困难的原因时也是指过多的分支机构，这一点在下文中也可看出。
29A从最后一段第一句“The progressive deregulation of banking forced Bank of America to fight for its customers by offering them competitive rates”可见利率在当前竞争中最为重要，至于B资金流动性、C良好声誉、D政府支持可能也是因素之一，但在作者看来，不是主要因素。
30B选项A可由第一段中“At its peak,it had more branches in California1,100than the U.S.Postal Service”推出；选项C可由第一段中“…president and CEO,has confessed that he doesn’t expect a turnaround soon”及最后一段对银行目前状况的描述看出，D可由文章最后一句表明。而第一段中“But since 1980 Bank of America’s earnings have been down or flat”可见收益虽无上升，但也不总是降的，因此B不对。
Text 3
词语注释
volcanic adj. 火山的glacial adj. 冰川的
rubble n. 碎石crater n. 火山口
labyrinth n. 迷宫；曲径vaulted adj. 拱状的，穹表的
recipe n. 调制法；诀窍crystalline adj. 结晶的；晶状的
fumarole n. (火山区的)喷气孔equilibrium n. 平衡
replenish vt. 装满；补充smother vt. 厚厚地覆盖着；使窒息
文章概要
本文主要讲述了蒸汽洞的形成原理及过程。
Para.1：概述蒸汽洞的形成情况。
Para.2：Mount Rainier上蒸汽洞形成的条件。
Para.3：冰川与火山口相互作用形成蒸汽洞的具体过程。
Para.4：蒸汽洞的维持需要热与雪在火山口的独特平衡。
答案点评
31B文章说明了the steam caves of Mount Rainier形成的特殊情况与天气、地理条件，这是文章的主旨所在。
32C这个问题讨论的是一般情况下长期的火山休眠可能带来的结果，应选C。出处见文章第一段“During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubbles.”
33AThe steam caves的形成需要热和雪在火山坑处形成的独特平衡，三者缺一不可，且量还不能多，不能少。
34D见第三段中“Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles)”。
35A这是一个单词理解题，同时也可结合文章意思作答。
Text 4
词语注释
alleviate减轻、缓和drudgery繁重、乏味的工作
文章概要
本文主要讲述了外语学习的意义及其发展趋势。
Para.1：语言会产生许多变体。
Para.2：我们将继续以某种形式教授外语，而且不仅是因为实用。
Para.3：科技会影响外语的应用，但计算机不能表示出语言的文化内涵。
Para.4：学外语是很重要的。
答案点评
36C选项A原文“Even if English were to……”是假设情况，故A错。选项B“the same”指的是“take many forms”而不是假设的“become the universal language”。选项C由原文it could still take many different forms可知，注意选项中用kinds of 替换了many different。由第一段最后一句可知D项错。
37B由第二段中第一句“not just for reasons of practicality”可知A错。由“it forces you to……intellectual system”可知B对。由“I fear that……continue to decline”可知“Time……has been declined.”故C错。最后一句主要说Learning another language well is more taxing than learning to play chess well.并非要在learning language 上花费比playing chess更多的时间，故D错。
38C选项A是说计算机的作用，因而不对。B并非主要原因，由文中“still more important is the fact that……”可知C项最合适，D太大，原文也没有提及。
39D选项A本身正确，但不是作者的意图。选项B由原文中“I don’t think foreign……”可知B错。选项C由原文中“they might be……”可知C错。选项D是作者的真实意图。
40AB、C、D均较片面，不能概括全文，A项则是作者写作本文的目的，最合适。
Part B
答案解析
41．E上文提到discussion,可知41,42均是其内容，应在D、E两项中选择，关键则在于安排其顺序。下文提到，人类对生态系统的认识还是一知半解的，那就不存在对栖息地的安全缩小，而后又说更何况把自然生态深冻起来是不可行的。由此可知，对应下文的顺序E应在D之前，41、42均可得出答案。
42．D见41解析。
43．A上文说把自然生态深冻起来或将其存入基因序列数据库并不能保存与其相关的背景。A项所举的例子正是与上文一致的，本题重点在于理解举例所要说明的意思。
44．G上文说旧的保护策略不再够用了，下面自然而然要引出从前的情况和现在状况的对比。G说的正是几十年前实施保护政策的可行性和目前情况的复杂。
45．F上文提到的是一项关于热带雨林的实验，F项是对它的总结。本题有许多关键词，起到提示作用：forest，2500，acres。
文章大意：本文讲的是人们在环境保护上面临的困境。地球上的生物多样性应该怎样持续？新的条例下应如何实施保护政策？作者介绍了人们在这些问题上的研究情况。
Part C
参考译文
46.避免人类容易出现的形形色色的愚蠢的主张，不需超人的才能。规定几条简便的准则，纵使不能帮你避免一切错误，也能使你避免荒唐的错误。
47.亚里斯多德其实只要请他的夫人张开嘴让他数一数，就会避免犯这种错误：女人的牙齿比男人少。
48.要是和你的意见相反的意见使你恼怒，这就是一种征兆，表明你潜意识里已认识到自己没有像平日那样理智地考虑问题了。
49.因此每当你发现自己对某种不同的意见恼怒的时候，你就得警惕了。检查后你可能会发现，你所确信的和证据所能证明的相差甚远。
50.通过这类设想的对话，我有时确实改变了我的见解，另外，由于认识到假想的对手可能不无道理，我也就往往不那么固执己见和过于自信了。
Section Ⅲ Writing
参考作文
51.
Enjoy your University Days
Audiences:Freshmen
Time:3p.m . Tuesday
Place:Room 4305
Contents:
Ⅰ.Be the master of your time.
1.making a timetables
a.timetable for the day
b.timetable for the week
c.timetable for the semester
2.Make sure you’ re carrying out the timetable
a.If something disturbed your plan, try to make it up later.(e.g. friends visiting, suddenly can’ t concentrate on books.etc.)
b. check everyday, every week and every month
Ⅱ. Getting on well with friends.
1. Always be openminded and warm hearted.
2.Don’ t talk about other’ s at his back.
3.In case of conflicts or misunderstandings:
a.put your foot in the other’ s shoes
b.keep calm and express your idea to the other
ⅢSocieties at school are your second teachers.
1.A good chance to challenge yourself.
2.An effective way for you to make more friends.
3. You are encouraged to take part in.
52.
As is shown in the drawing we may see that the whole city has been filled with varied boring advertisements.With the rapid flourishing of advertising nowadays,people find themselves exposed to various advertisements that nearly blanket everywhere.
To some extent,advertisement has become an indispensible part of our everyday life.It may effectively guide our consumption in the product market of every hue. Just for this reason the enterprises will try their utmost to compete in the field of advertising.However,as the competition drives the manufacturers crazy, advertising campaign starts to lose its bearings, advertisements of poor quality and even false advertisements emerge.
So large sum of poor advertisements has terribly devastated our national culture.As we all know,a excellent nation without splendid culture can never go far,splendid national culture requires highquality advertisements.
While we walk on the street and see that nearly all the writings on board are “Haveyou eaten today” “Have you drunken today”,nobody can hardly believe that our culture is becoming impoverished. Besides this aspect, in my opinion,lowquality advertisements won’t be able to accomplish their function of promotion yet. What’s much worse will be the deterioration of living condition that various advertisements have brought us.Thousands of billboards occupy the road for pedestrains and cars,inumerable leaflets are pasted at any corner available.It acts like that our cities have been wrapped in advertisements of every description.The living space is gradually diminishing,and graceful enviroment has been cruelly polluted.
The situation is demanding for us to take effective actions. First of all,advertising law should be strictly applied to keep the advertising under proper control.Besides,we have to enrich our culture in design,and broaden the vision of adverting to create outstanding works.
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