A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own countryª²in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice.

For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantages of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them.50)I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue, and, short of this, I have frequently found myself growing less dogmatic and cocksure through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.

Section ¢ó Writing

Part A

51.Directions:

Suppose you are a teacher who is going to give a lecture to freshmen on how to enjoy university life. You need to write a note before giving the lecture. The note should include:

1)arrange your time properly

2)keep harmony with roommates and classmates

3)take an active part in societies

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Part B

52.Directions:

study the following picture carefully and write an essay to

1)describe the picture

2)give your comments on the phenomenon

3)suggest counterª²measures