新新英语作文30天——第六天：段落的构成要素-考研英语-同创考研网

新新英语作文30天——第六天：段落的构成要素

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Most of us may have such experiences: when you go to some place far away from the city you live in and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you should run into one of your old classmates in the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out, “What a small world!”

在这个段落里，作者先给出了一个假设性的事例，吸引读者的注意力，然后在段落结束时总结出“What a small world!”（“世界真小啊”）作为段落主题句。这样的段落有感染力，使读者有兴趣读下去。

但是，主题句有时也可能出现在段落中间，或者根本就没有明显的段落主题句。在下面的例子中主题句是在段落中间出现的。这种情况比较少见。

Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility — both physical and psychological— has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.

有时为了特别强调主题句的内容，也可以使主题句既出现在段首，又出现在段末。如：

Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.

而下面这段话则没有明显的主题句。

An independent trucker working full time can earn close to $20,000 gross compared with the $30,000 or more that a union trucker makes. A union trucker works a 10 hour shift and thats it, whereas the independent trucker is always pushing himself. And even though there are strict laws prohibiting a trucker from driving more than ten hours a day, with four hours on and four hours off, no independent trucker adheres to that— because if he did, hed never get the load delivered on time. With the economy as shaky as it is, the competition for loads is fierce and, at times, vicious. There are only so many loads, and truckers will bid on them, the lowest bid getting the load.

这段话的主题句应该是 “An independent trucker has a difficult time making a living.”但由于暗含的意思很清楚，所以被省去。应该注意的是，在没有主题句的段落中，叙述应该十分清楚，暗含的主题必须显而易见。

There are two tragedies in life. One is to lose your hearts desire, the other is to gain it.

失去心中所欲的和得到心中所欲的，是人生的两大悲剧。特别提请注意的是，在段落中，虽然主题句可以放在不同的位置，但最常见的还是放在段首，这并不是说主题句一定就是该段的第一句话，而往往是在主题句之前还有一个承上启下的过渡句。

2.段落主题句的写作方法

主题句的作用是要告诉读者该段的主题思想，该段将围绕这个主题思想逐步展开、定义、论述、分类、解释和举例说明等，所以，段落主题句中必须包含一个主导思想，这是一个等待发展的思想，也是段落的主旨所在。同时，段落主题句不能写得太笼统，也不能涉及面太窄。一个段落的容量是有限的，如果主题句限定范围太宽，其内容就无法在一个段落中阐述清楚；如果限定范围太窄又不利于段落的发展。段落主题句所限定的内容必须符合段落写作的目的，有助于段落的铺开和抒发。例如：

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