新新英语作文30天——第七天：段落展开九法-考研英语-同创考研网

新新英语作文30天——第七天：段落展开九法

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新新英语作文30天——第六天：段落的构成要素
新新英语作文30天——第九天：文章的构建模式

确定了段落中心思想, 完成了段落的主题句,设计好段落的扩展句之后，需要考虑的是怎样合理、有效地安排句子，组成条理清晰、结构严谨的段落。展开段落的方法有很多，常用的有：时间顺序法、空间顺序法、列举法、举例法、对比法、定义法、因果法、分类法、综合法等。在今天和明天的课程中我们就来详细地学习。

一、时间法

在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。看下面的例子：

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情。After lunch, while the other girls were sunbathing, Pat and I returned to the water. Soon cramps spread from my stomach to my legs. Immobilized by pain and fear, I yelled for help. My friend thought I was joking: so she ignored me. However, Sister Theresa came to my rescue when she noticed my plight. She pulled me out of the water and administered resuscitation. When regaining consciousness, I realized how close I had come to death. My experience with near death reminds me every day how close we all are to death in our daily lives.

在这个段落里，作者用了after lunch; while...; soon; when...等时间连接语按时间的先后顺序记叙了一件发生在午饭后的事。

There are four separate stages in making bread. The first stage begins by mixing yeast with warm water. This mixture is then added to half the amount of flour. The resultant batter mixture is then left for an hour. At the next stage the rest of the flour is added to the risen batter mixture, along with salt and oil. The main step in the second stage is a thorough kneading of the dough, after which it is left to rise. The third stage involves shaping the dough into loaves; the shaped loaves are then put into bread tins and left to ‘prove’ (rise). In the final stage the bread is cooked in a hot oven. The whole process of breadmaking finishes when the bread is taken from the oven and left to cool on wire racks.

这个段落采用时间顺序法描述了做面包的的过程。作者用了The first stage begins by..., At the next stage..., The third stage involves... 和In the final stage... 等连贯性词语详细地按照先后顺序介绍了四个步骤。

二、空间法

空间顺序指按物体的空间位置（自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序）来展开段落。如：

The room was disgusting. By the far window was a trash can piled high with crumpled papers. In the middle of the room was a gaudy, roundsize bed littered with rotting fruit peels. The path between the bed and the doorway, where I was standing, was choked off by heaps of dirty clothes and old newspapers.

这个段落以空间顺序法描写了一个房间。先从描述远处的窗子开始，接着是房间中央，最后到作者所站的地方，由远到近地将房间里的一切描绘了出来。

Great Britain is an island that lies off the northwest coast of Europe. The nearest country is France which is 20 miles away from which Great Britain is separated by the English Channel. The island is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the North Sea to the east. It comprises the mainland of England, Wales and Scotland. Scotland is in the North, while Wales is in the west. Ireland, which is also an island, lies off the west coast of Great Britain. It consists of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Great Britain together with Northern Ireland constitutes the United Kingdom. Thus, the United Kingdom is composed of four parts. The largest of these is England which is divided into 43 administrative counties. The capital city is London which is situated in southeast England.

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