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例如:
I studied English for four years in college. Nevertheless, I had trouble talking with people when I was traveling in the United States.
3)在使用从属连词时可用在句子中间,或放在句首,要留意标点符号的运用各有不同。
例如:
The city becomes calm and well ordered after the parade.
After the parade, the city becomes calm and well ordered.
Speech is the image of actions.
语言是行动的反映。
常用标点符号解析:
逗号(Comma ,)逗号是最常用也是最常用错的标点符号,其中一个最常见的用法是分开从句(clauses)及短语(phrases)。
1)将逗号放于连接词之前(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),连接两个独立的从句(independent clauses)。可通过:“fan boys”这两个词来记忆连接词
2)以逗号来分开句子内的词、短语或从句
3)以逗号来分隔并列的形容词
4)以逗号来分隔非限制性定语从句
注意:不要在限制性定语从句中加上逗号。
错误句子: Stores, which honor credit cards, have noticed an increase in sales.
正确句子: Stores which honor credit cards have noticed an increase in sales.
句中 which honor credit cards 是不能缺少的部分,如果删去,即指“所有商店都注意到营业额有上升”,而不是原意所指“可以使用信用卡的商店”,所以我们不能用逗号分隔。
5)用逗号来分隔同位语
When I graduate in June, I will begin work at ABC Company, a local trading firm.
6)用逗号来分隔句子中的插入成分
7)用逗号来分隔引述句
8)在日期、名称、地址及数字上使用逗号的要点
注意:如果日期中只包含月日、年月、或年份季节,则不须加逗号。
年份是不用逗号的,如 1997(但是我们会用 25,000 B.C.)。度量上,我们用逗号来分隔文字,如:five feet, three inches. 页数上则用 page 10, line 5
Better the devil you know than the devil you dont know.
明枪易躲,暗箭难防。句号 (Period .)
在常用标点符号中,句号仅次于逗号,而且也是较易使用的符号。只需要大家一定记住:英语的句号不同于汉语的句号,是一个实心点。很多同学一不小心就会写成一个小圆圈,而且这样的同学还随处可见、为数不少。句号一般有三种用法:
(1)结束句子: Turn it on, please.
(2)结束略语: Mrs. e.g. ect. N.Y.
(3)分开小数: 0.98 $2.38
分号 (Semicolon ;)
分号最常用于两个从句之间,其分隔度比逗号大,但比句号小,通常用作表示句子中两个从句意思相连。
(1)以分号代替句号来分隔两个相关的独立从句
Spring is here; the birds are chirping with joy.
(2)当其中一个独立从句中包含逗号时,以分号来分隔两个从句
If you give children too much freedom, they will never learn to control themselves; on the other hand, if you give them too little, they will never become selfreliant.
(3)当要使用连接副词或其他连接语来联结从句时,以分号作分隔。
2.正确处理“替代和所指”
除了过渡性词语外,省略、替代和所指(reference)等手段同样可以起到连句成段,保持段落连贯性的作用。
代词是很重要的关系指引词。它们不仅能指明句子内部某些词之间的关系,而且能沟通和建立句子和句子之间意义上的联系,从而使段落中前后句子的意义逻辑地、有条理地联系起来。利用代词指代前面提到的名词,可以起到承上启下的作用。如:
(1) Tom finished his drink at a gulp, wondered about another, decided not. (2) His career might be slithering downhill, his book might be choking itself to death, but he still had Thea. (3) And this, he knew as he looked at his glass, was no way to keep her. (4) He knew it, and yet he kept slipping away from his resolution. (5) How else did you blot out the feeling of failure?
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