1、 常用与开头的短语、句式
　　（1） with the （rapidly）growing popularity of （computers/private cars） in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
　　（2） With the （rapid）growth of （our economy/population），many problems such as （water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management）are beginng to surface
　　（3） With the development of （science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
　　（4） Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).
　　（5） Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
　　（6） There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are,on the oher hand,many reasons against it,First,…Second,…Finally,…
　　（7） There are many advantanges and disadvantages in(owning a car).
　　（8） There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
　　（9） Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
　　（10） The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems)depend on three factors…
　　（11） The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…
　　2．常用于结尾的短语、句式
　　（1） It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。
　　（2） To conclude，we can see that （the best way/the possible solution）is。。。
　　（3） In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
　　（4） In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。
　　（5） In a word ，there are three suggestions we must follow ，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
　　（6） It is time for us to take an actie part in。。。
　　（7） Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
　　3．陈述或论证观点、看法（view，point，opinion）、原因（reason、cause）、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。。。。（method，means，measures，step。。。）、因素（factor）、利弊、优缺点（advantage，disadvantage）时常用的词语、句式：
　　（1）引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语：
　　。。。。的原因有许多。There are many reasons why。。。
　　。。。。的原因如下；The reasons why 。。。are as follows
　　我的看法是。。。。My opinon is that
　　（2）展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：
　　①、第一层次（首先）First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all ，To begin with，For one thing。
　　我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。
　　主要因素是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。
　　②第二层次（其次）Second ，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，