41.A.showsB.showingC.shownbyD.isshownby
42.A.scaleB.scoresC.amountD.quantities
43.A.countryB.nationalC.federalD.law
44.A.InbriefB.InparticularC.InconsequenceD.Inaddition
45.A.confidentiallyB.incidentallyC.universallyD.internationally
46.A.notB.onlyC.actuallyD.perhaps
47.A.howeverB.thereforeC.forexampleD.aboveall
48.A.toB.forC.ofD.against
49.A.ignoranceB.ignoredC.ignorantD.ignorantly
50.A.levelB.standardC.statusD.identity

Part¢óReadingComprehension

Directions£ºEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA£¬B£¬CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.£¨40points£©

Passage1
Researchindicatesthatparentswhorewardselfª²controlandindependencetendtohavechildrenwithhighachievementmotivation.Suchparentssethighstandardsfortheirchildrenbutallowthemtoworkattheirownlevelandtomaketheirownmistakes.Bycontrast£¬parentsoflowª²needachieverstypicallysetimpossiblyhighgoalsfortheirchildrenandmakeextremedemands.Inaddition£¬parentsofhighª²needachieversencouragegoodperformancebutdonotberatetheirchildrenwhentheyfail.IfachildcomeshomefromschoolwithfourA¡¯sandoneBonareportcard£¬theparentsfocusontheA¡¯s£»parentsofapotentiallowª²needachievertendtoask£¬¡°WhytheB?¡±Parentsofhighª²needachieversrespondtomediocregradeswithwarmthandsuggestionsforreasonablegoalsandwaystoreachthem.Parentsoflowª²needachieversmightsay£¬¡°You¡¯redumbandlazyyou¡¯llneveramounttoanything¡±£¬andpunishthechild.Whenachildishavingtroublewithamathproblem£¬theparentofapotentiallyhighª²needachieverwillsuggestthegeneralprocedureandletthechildworkouttheparticularsolution£»alowª²needachiever¡¯sparentwillsolvetheproblemandthenhandthechildtheanswer.
Thatneedsforaffiliationandachievementexistwithinallofus£¬tovaryingdegrees£¬isundeniable.Andalthoughbiologicalbasesforatleasttheaffiliationneedhavebeenproposed£¬agreatdealmoreisknownaboutthepsychologicalbasesoftheseneedsandhowtheycomeabout.
Closelyrelatedtomotivationareemotions£¬whichcanactivateanddirectbehaviorinmuchthesamewayasphysiological£¬social£¬andpsychologicalmotivationsdo.

Parentsofhighª²needachievers_____.
A£®usuallyleavetheirchildrenalone
B£®setveryhighstandardsfortheirchildren
C£®allowforfailureonthepartoftheirchildren
D£®controltheirchildrentoaminimumdegree


Inthefourthsentenceofparagraph1£¬theexpression¡°beratetheirchildren¡±probablymeans_____.
A£®praisethem
B£®neglectthem
C£®scoldthem
D£®beatthem


Ifachildgetsgoodmarksforsomecoursesandlowermarksforothers£¬aparentofahighª²needachieverwill_____.
A£®criticizehimforthelowermarksandpraisehimforthegood
B£®praisehimandgivesomesuggestionsforfurtherimprovement
C£®praisehimforthegoodmarksandrewardhim
D£®criticizehimforthelowermarksandpunishhim


Thepassageismainlyabouttheroleof_____.
A£®rewardinpromotingtheirchildren¡¯sstudy
B£®selfª²controlandindependenceinchildgrowth
C£®emotionalreactioninpromotingachievement
D£®praiseinpromotingdesiredbehavior

Passage2
Aquestionthathaspuzzledanthropologistsforyearswhethertheuniquelyhumanhabitofbipedalism£¨walkinguprightontwolimbs£©developedsuddenlyamongourancientancestersoroccurredgraduallyovertime-receivednewattentioninSeptember1988.AnthropologistWilliamL.JungersofStateUniversityofNewYorkreportedevidencethataustralopithecines£¬humanlikecreatureswholivedbetween1millionand4millionyearsago£¬probablymovedinamannersimilartobothhumanbeingsandapes£¬suggestingthatbipedalismwasagradualdevelopmentinearlyhumanbeings.