SectionⅠUseofEnglish　　Directions：　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1（10points）　　Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.　　Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.　　Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.　　1.[A]although　[B]as　[C]but　[D]while　　2.[A]above　[B]unlike　[C]excluding　[D]besides　　3.[A]limited　[B]committed　[C]dedicated　[D]confined　　4.[A]catching　[B]ignoring　[C]missing　[D]tracking　　5.[A]anyway　[B]though　[C]instead　[D]therefore　　6.[A]evenif　[B]ifonly　[C]onlyif　[D]asif　　7.[A]distinguishing　[B]discovering　[C]determining　[D]detecting　　8.[A]diluted　[B]dissolved　[C]determining　[D]diffused　　9.[A]when　[B]since　[C]for　[D]whereas　　10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical　　11.[A]signs　[B]stimuli　[C]messages　[D]impulses　　12.[A]atfirst　[B]atall　[C]atlarg　[D]attimes　　13.[A]subjected　[B]left　[C]drawn　[D]exposed　　14.[A]ineffective　[B]incompetent　[C]inefficient　[D]insufficient　　15.[A]introduce　[B]summon　[C]trigger　[D]create　　16.[A]still　[B]also　[C]otherwise　[D]nevertheless　　17.[A]sure　[B]sick　[C]aware　[D]tired　　18.[A]tolerate　[B]repel　[C]neglect　[D]notice　　19.[A]availabe　[B]reliable　[C]identifiable　[D]sui　　20.[A]similarto　[B]suchas　[C]alongwith　[D]asidefrom　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension　　PartA　　Directions：　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）　　Text1　　Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.　　Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal's；study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.　　Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto；acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.　　Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobesonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.　　21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby　　A.posingacontrast.　　B.justifyinganassumption.　　C.makingacomparison.　　D.explainingaphenomenon.　　22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraphl）impliesthat　　A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.　　B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.　　C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.　　D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.　　23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare　　A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.　　B.attentivetoresearchers'instructions.　　C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.　　D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions　　24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys　　A.prefergrapestocucumbers.　　B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.　　C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.　　D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.　　25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？　　A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.　　B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.　　C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.　　D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainssonlyinthewild.　　Text2　　Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure？Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain？Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway？LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.　　Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointinteprefacetothepanel'srepor“ScienceneverhalltheanswersButsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”　　Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame：bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.　　Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.　　Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,CongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.　　26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat　　A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.　　B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.　　C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.　　D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.　　27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas　　A.aprotector.　　B.ajudge.　　C.acritic.　　D.aguide.　　28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”（Lastline,paragraph4）　　A.Endlessstudieskillaction.　　B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.　　C.prudentplanninghinders.　　D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.　　29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoabout　　A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.　　B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.　　C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.　　D.Takesomelegislativemeasures.　　30.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause　　A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'snegligence.　　B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer.　　C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer.　　D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.　　Text3　　Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It'syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.”　　Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM（rapideyemovement）sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr,WilliamDement.　　Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.CartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreamsAssoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.　　Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof“wewakeuinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.ThosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapistFortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.　　31.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams　　A.canbemodifiedintheircourses.　　B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.　　C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.　　D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.　　32.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow　　A.itsfunctioninourdreams.　　B.themechanismofREMsleep.　　C.therelationofdreamstoemotions.　　D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.　　33.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto　　A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.　　B.developintohappydreams.　　C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.　　D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.　　34.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat　　A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.　　B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll.　　C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.　　D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.　35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?