| 2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案 |
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ANSWERSHEET1.（10points） Canada'spremiers（theleadersofprovincialgovernments）,iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,toreducehealth-carecosts. They'reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts. 41. | Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare-tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexpertsrecommendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution. 42.
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But“national”doesn'thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial-provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.
Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince-oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince-negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.
Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalf31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.
43.
AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded,predictablyandregrettablyQuebecrefusedtojoin.
Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They（particularlyQuebecandAlberta）justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That'sonereasonwhytheideaofanationalisthasn'tgoneanywherewhiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.
44.
PremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow'sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoneyperhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs.
“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”
45.
SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.
A.Quebec'sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneofthrstadvocatesfornationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec'sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent！
B.OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby'sreport：“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies”
C.Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.
D.Theproblemissimpleandstark：health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.
E.AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation.prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatmentspartofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.
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