（A）。Althoughnosuchevidencewaspreserved，thecasino‘smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoadusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.（B）Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired，givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative？

　　（C）Bythetimehehadlost$5，00，hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven，hewouldquit，onenighthewon$5，500，buthedidnotquit.

　　（D）GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever，butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin，orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy，themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

　　（E）DavidWilliamdssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon‘tbetonit.

　　（F）Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems，oftendefiningasaddictionwhatearlier，sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.

　　（G）theanoymous，lonely，undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecailllyconductivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoreagainstInternetgambling，whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso？

　　PartC

　　IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety？Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergentoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerican.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofintellectual.Itisthey，notAmerican，whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.

　　First，theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual？（46）IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic（苏格拉底）wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemconsciously，articulately，andfrankly，firstbyaskingfactualquestions，thenbyaskingmoralquestions，finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.（47）Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge，whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamatteraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.

　　Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals——theaveragescientistforone.48）Ihaveexcludedhimbecause，whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems，hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings，heencountersmoralissuesevenineverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties——heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments，manufactureevidence，ordoctorhisreports.49）Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode，whichgovernshisactivity，anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.Duringmostofhiswalkinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted，asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.

　　Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityoffactors，despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving（50）Theymayteachverywell，andmorethanearntheirsalaries，butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityeminentscholars.“Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeinonething，livinginpublicandindustriousthoughts”，asEmersionwouldsay，“issomethingelse.”